The following is eight critical reviews, Each review expores the relationship with media and calture.
number one
Journalism was created for societies need for information; the public sphere is largely contrasted with the private sphere. Public sphere is defined as the part of life that one is interacting with others and society. Jürgen Habermas defined the public sphere as "a network for communicating information and points of view"; to me the public sphere represents the role of society in communicating with each other. Now that we have a clear definition of what the public sphere means.The art of Journalism falls straight into communicating information and points of view. If the history of Journalism is taken into account, then the need for information must be explored. I have always thought that the role of the media was to officially inform its public, however there are many other areas that enforce the role of the media. For example to sell newspapers, a story needs sensationalism hence a need for “exciting” stories that Journalists what you to read this can also be referred to as soft news. There are many issues to analyse when focuses is put upon media texts such as newspapers, first most media is independent from the state and is given to some extent Freedom of speech, but what is freedom? To put a definition on it could be hard as most people’s ideas of what it means are varied and blurred.My personal definition of freedom is the right to choose and to not be resisted in any area of our life. Ideology is another issue to explore within the public sphere framework. Ideology is a collection of ideas that is proposed by a particular source. Ideology to some extent can be a good or bad thing- certain people have hidden agendas when expressing their own ideas, especially in Journalism, therefore a certain element of control has to be established when it comes to the things journalists can and cant say- thus media law has to be enforced.
Number Two
The year is 2007 and there is information going on ALL around us, if you stop and thinking about it, information faces our society evrey second of evrey day and most of us are always willing to receive information for example people are able to fall asleep with their mobile phone on their pillow.
The “new information age” is upon us, the internet is the biggest information provider and used by the majority of people. Therefore how does this affect the changing role of the “21st century malti tasking journalist” well to some extent I would say it does, as more people due to the web have the freedom to write Journalists have to preaphs have a far more greater understanding of what information is already out there and published and what information needs to be put out there. However despite the introduction of “web journalists” (anyone can publish on blogs, facebook, myspace) traditional media formats will never go away and there will always be a great demand for newspapers, magazines and newspapers as they are apart of the calture we live in.
Journalisum is in my opinon getting much more diverse, A lot of newspapers and magazine publications welcome contrabutions from the general public (articles pictures, reviews) so maybe Journalisum is no longer seen as to be only for “professinals” and anyone who can write well and wants to put forth thair opinion is worthy enough to get published.
Also from a PR angle, the ever increasing comursulisation along with the “celebrity” calture it could be argued that there is more Journalisum that promotes rather then informs, this could be seen in the tabloids where the calture of celebrity is all over the paper and a lot of this orgininates from PR spin.
In consideration of all of these factors, Journalists still have a very important role because they feed the calture of the mass media however the media as an industry has expanded to suit the new industrial age.
The “new information age” is upon us, the internet is the biggest information provider and used by the majority of people. Therefore how does this affect the changing role of the “21st century malti tasking journalist” well to some extent I would say it does, as more people due to the web have the freedom to write Journalists have to preaphs have a far more greater understanding of what information is already out there and published and what information needs to be put out there. However despite the introduction of “web journalists” (anyone can publish on blogs, facebook, myspace) traditional media formats will never go away and there will always be a great demand for newspapers, magazines and newspapers as they are apart of the calture we live in.
Journalisum is in my opinon getting much more diverse, A lot of newspapers and magazine publications welcome contrabutions from the general public (articles pictures, reviews) so maybe Journalisum is no longer seen as to be only for “professinals” and anyone who can write well and wants to put forth thair opinion is worthy enough to get published.
Also from a PR angle, the ever increasing comursulisation along with the “celebrity” calture it could be argued that there is more Journalisum that promotes rather then informs, this could be seen in the tabloids where the calture of celebrity is all over the paper and a lot of this orgininates from PR spin.
In consideration of all of these factors, Journalists still have a very important role because they feed the calture of the mass media however the media as an industry has expanded to suit the new industrial age.
Number Three
“Gatekeeping” is one of the most imported areas when studying media communication or Journalisum. It is the idea that information can either be retained or filtared by Journalists and other media outlets. “Gatekeeping” was first used by social psycologist Kurt Lewin (1947) and is still an important debate.
The mass media is complex, for example tabloids and broadstrerts print extremely different content, therefore they don’t publish the same things. Any Gatekeeper theris will say that broadsheets avoid and “filter” celebrity news and tabloids feed on this kind of “soft” news.
So who is the Gatekeepers? the Editor, The journalist and even the consumer could be. The editor choses what they want to publish, the journalist choses what information to write about and the audience choses what it wants to consume.
Also the issue of “News wotheness” has to be addressed, why does a story have to come under a certain set of criteria. In my opinion “News” can be whatever the indivitual thinks it is.
Journalists in a way work for society by communicating and getting information over, so to a certain extent they have a duty to get the news out to people so why should they have the freedom to pick and choose what they consider to be news.
Number Four
Main news Markets
The main market news markets in the contempory Uk are largely now driven by profit. News now has to mean that it has to sell fast and well. This means aspects like Globalisation has to be taken into account.
Defenition of Globalisation:
Globalisation is the increasing interconnection of people and places as a result of advances in transport, communication, and information technologies that causes political, economic, and cultural convergence.
The media has a lot to do with Globalisation, firstly “news” can be anywere in the world, and can be broadcasted thoughout the world in a matter of seconds.
Another aspect of Globilisation could be addressed in Rupert Murdock who owns a variety of media outlets thoughout the world. Murdock could contrabute to Globalisation is a massive way due to the fact that all of his media ownership may be projecting the same sort of communication.
Refuring back to the market driven media, Objectivity as an ideal is a relativly new concept.
The main market news markets in the contempory Uk are largely now driven by profit. News now has to mean that it has to sell fast and well. This means aspects like Globalisation has to be taken into account.
Defenition of Globalisation:
Globalisation is the increasing interconnection of people and places as a result of advances in transport, communication, and information technologies that causes political, economic, and cultural convergence.
The media has a lot to do with Globalisation, firstly “news” can be anywere in the world, and can be broadcasted thoughout the world in a matter of seconds.
Another aspect of Globilisation could be addressed in Rupert Murdock who owns a variety of media outlets thoughout the world. Murdock could contrabute to Globalisation is a massive way due to the fact that all of his media ownership may be projecting the same sort of communication.
Refuring back to the market driven media, Objectivity as an ideal is a relativly new concept.
Number five
Charactarisations of the tabloid Press
In a time were the tabloid press have the biggest media outlet (the sun selling 2.9 million), it is important to analyse this type of press clodly.
The tabloid press started to emerge when industrilsation and ecomomic circumstances allowed a change in the mass media. The Mail and the mirror were the first tabloid products. Tabloid sensationallisum is traditionaly bad journalistic pravtice, however sensationalisum sells the most. In the traditional Marxist view, the traditional bourgrasie position is anti- tabloidisum.
Tabloid’s have a set of values that they ahei to. These I feel are the most imr-
Senstationalisum
This is the use or verbs or photography to make a shocking story.
In a time were the tabloid press have the biggest media outlet (the sun selling 2.9 million), it is important to analyse this type of press clodly.
The tabloid press started to emerge when industrilsation and ecomomic circumstances allowed a change in the mass media. The Mail and the mirror were the first tabloid products. Tabloid sensationallisum is traditionaly bad journalistic pravtice, however sensationalisum sells the most. In the traditional Marxist view, the traditional bourgrasie position is anti- tabloidisum.
Tabloid’s have a set of values that they ahei to. These I feel are the most imr-
Senstationalisum
This is the use or verbs or photography to make a shocking story.
Number six
A picture in my opinion is the most powerful medium there is. Pictures in my opinion create’s a sense of reality. Photojournalism creates a sense of understanding by creating an aid that can not be done by only using words.However although helpful, photojournalisum can be very dangous as many people read images in different ways. This could be due there past experiences or the way that thy are culturally educated.
"Photojournalism as a descriptive term often implies the use of a certain bluntness of style or approach to image-making. The photojournalist approach to candid photography is becoming popular as a unique style of commercial photography. For example, many weddings today are shot in photojournalism style resulting in candid images that chronicle the events of the wedding day".
Number Seven
The technological determinist view is a technology-led theory of social change: technology is seen as 'the prime mover' in history. In economics, this is known as a 'technology-push' theory rather than a 'demand-pull' theory. According to technological determinists, particular technical developments, communications technologies or media, or, most broadly, technology in general are the sole or prime antecedent causes of changes in society, and technology is seen as the fundamental condition underlying the pattern of social organization.
Technological determinists interpret technology in general and communications technologies in particular as the basis of society in the past, present and even the future. They say that technologies such as writing or print or television or the computer 'changed society'. In its most extreme form, the entire form of society is seen as being determined by technology: new technologies transform society at every level, including institutions, social interaction and individuals. At the least a wide range of social and cultural phenomena are seen as shaped by technology. 'Human factors' and social arrangements are seen as secondary.
Karl Marx is often interpreted as a technological determinist on the basis of such isolated quotations as: 'The windmill gives you society with the feudal lord: the steam-mill, society with the industrial capitalist' ('The Poverty of Philosophy', 1847), and determinism certainly features in orthodox marxist. But several apologists have insisted that Marx was not a technological determinist.
Various non-Marxist theorists such as Sigfried Giedion, Leslie White, Lynn White Jr, Harold Innis have adopted the stance of technological determinism.
Technological determinists interpret technology in general and communications technologies in particular as the basis of society in the past, present and even the future. They say that technologies such as writing or print or television or the computer 'changed society'. In its most extreme form, the entire form of society is seen as being determined by technology: new technologies transform society at every level, including institutions, social interaction and individuals. At the least a wide range of social and cultural phenomena are seen as shaped by technology. 'Human factors' and social arrangements are seen as secondary.
Karl Marx is often interpreted as a technological determinist on the basis of such isolated quotations as: 'The windmill gives you society with the feudal lord: the steam-mill, society with the industrial capitalist' ('The Poverty of Philosophy', 1847), and determinism certainly features in orthodox marxist. But several apologists have insisted that Marx was not a technological determinist.
Various non-Marxist theorists such as Sigfried Giedion, Leslie White, Lynn White Jr, Harold Innis have adopted the stance of technological determinism.
number eight
Japan's mass media
The Japanese media has a very alternative approach to how to form press relations in a liberal society.
Japan has double the population in the UK (127 milliom) and historiacly very fwe national resources.
Society and calture of Japan-
Japan was the first major nation to industrialise, this was a rapid process.
Japan is a one party state, this means press relations would be important when working in a public sphere.
The core values of Japan is colletivness, concesas and hiaracy. These are the fundermental values of the state. The mainstream view is that the Japanese media is a watchdog of the state.
There is a huge concumption of magazines and books.
In the Japanese press therre is absense of a bi-line, as Journalists own indivitual opinion is ignored and Objectivity is parramount.
The Kisha (spechial press club) have lots of infomation that other media outlets will not have.
In dealings with the USA the system of the mass media can be annoying,
Japan is a classic ecamole of how diffrent countries handle press.
posted by Kate at 10:46